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[WORLD WAR II]. – [JAPANESE INTERNMENT]. Civilian Exclusion Order No. 41. 1942. San Francisco: Western Defense Command and Fourth Army. Broadside military notice ordering “all persons of Japanese ancestry, both alien and non-alien, be excluded from…Military Area No.1.” 22 x 14”. Closed tears, creases, small stains at lower portion. In the immediate aftermath of Pearl Harbor President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which authorized military personnel to create exclusionary zones throughout the United States. Though citizens and non-citizens of Japanese descent were not specifically targeted, over 110,000 people were removed to concentration camps throughout the western United States, with the majority of them coming from “Military Area No. 1” under the command of General John DeWitt and encompassing southern Arizona and the western portions of Washington, Oregon, and California. On 18 December 1944 the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the legality of these camps in two decisions which effectively freed all incarcerated peoples of Japanese descent throughout the country. Reparations were issued to all living survivors of the internment camps via the Civil Liberties Act of 1988.